Software ojoo agbanyewo ogologo oge dị ka kọmputa
Usoro ihe ojoo ( malware ) bu ihe obula nke nwere obum n'obi. Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ mmemme ị wụnye, ma ọ bụ faịlụ ị na-ebudata, enweghị kpamkpam na nje virus, ụfọdụ nwere ihe agendas zoro ezo na-achọ ibibi faịlụ, zọpụ ozi sitere na gị, maọbụ ọbụna na-ewute gị.
Nke a emeela ogologo oge. A na-akpọ virus kọmputa mbụ Elk Cloner na Mac na 1982. Jenụwarị nke 2011 hụrụ na kọmputa mbụ nke kọmputa na-atụgharị 25 - aha ya bụ Brian. Maka nkọwa, PC mbụ (ahịa nke mbụ) (HP 9100A) bịara na 1968.
Malware na 1900 & # 39; s
N'afọ 1986, a chọtara ọtụtụ nje virus na mahadum na mgbasa ozi bụ isi kpatara nsogbu diski. Ihe omuma nwere ike gụnyere Brain (1986), Lehigh, Stoned, Jerusalem (1987), irighiri Morris (1988), na Michelangelo (1991).
N'ihe dị ka afọ 90, a na-ejikwa azụmahịa eme ihe n'ụzọ dị njọ, bụ nke nwere nnukwu akụkụ nke nje virus. Nke a pụtara na mgbasa ozi ebutewo na netwọk ahụ.
Ihe ngwangwa malware maka oge a na-agụnye DMV, ihe akaebe mbụ nke echiche macro virus, na 1994. Enwere Cap.A na 1997, bụ nke mesịrị bụrụ nje virus mbụ kachasị njọ, na CIH (aka Chernobyl) n'afọ 1998, nje mbụ iji mebie ngwaike.
Site na njedebe nke afọ 90, nje virus amalitela ịmetụta ndị ọrụ ụlọ, nakwa na mgbasa ozi email na-arịwanye elu. Malware siri ike na 1999 gụnyere Melissa, nke mbụ worm email, na Kak, nke mbụ na otu n'ime ole na ole ezigbo email virus.
Malware nke 21st Century
Ná mmalite nke narị afọ iri ọhụrụ ahụ, ikpuru internet na email na-eme ka ederede na ụwa dum.
- May 2000: Onyinye bụ nke mbụ uru uru-na-akpali malware
- Febụwarị 2001: Anwụrụ email Anna Kournikova
- March 2001: Onye Magistr, dị ka CIH n'ihu ya, metụkwara ngwaike
- July 2001: Ihe nchịkọta Sircol na-ewe ihe ubi email site na My Documents folder
- August 2001: Anwụrụ CodeRed
- September 2001: Nimda, web weebụ, email, na ntanetị netwọk.
Ka afọ iri ahụ na-aga n'ihu, malware fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nanị ihe ntinye ego. N'afọ 2002 na 2003, ndị na-awagharị webers nọ na-emetụta popups na ndị ọzọ Javascript bombs.
Ekele ndi mmadu kpalitere ikpuru ndi mmadu achoputara aka na October 2002 ma SoBig bidoro itinye ntinye ihe ojoro na komputa. Ejiri akwukwo ihe ndi ozo na ihe ndi ozo di na oge a, tinyere ikpuru bu internet nke akppo Blaster na Slammer.
- Jenụwarị 2004: Agha agha na-emetụta ozi ọma n'etiti ndị dere MyDoom, Bagle na Netsky. O doro anya na nke a mere ka e nwee nlezianya nyocha ozi email na ọnụọgụ dị elu nke nzacha email, nke mechara kwuo na ikpuru ikpo ozi na-aga n'ihu.
- November 2005: Nchọpụta na nkwupụta nke aha Sony rootkit ugbu a na-eduga na nsonye nke rootkits n'ọtụtụ oge ọjọọ.
- 2006: Ngwuputa na ugwo na onu ogugu ndi oru mule tinyere onu ogugu ndi mmadu di na iri abuo na iri ato na iri abuo na iri abia na afo 2006. O bu ezie na ha abughi ndi ozo kpatara nsogbu ndi mmadu, Ịntanetị ahụ.
- 2007: Mmetụta nke ebe nrụọrụ weebụ mụbara na 2007 n'ihi nnukwu ihe na nchọpụta na nkwupụta nke MPack, ihe eji eme ihe ọjọọ na-eji ọrụ weebụ eme ihe. Mmegide gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ stadium Miami Dolphins, Tom's Hardware, The Sun, MySpace, Bebo, Photobucket, na The Times Times website.
- Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị afọ 2007, ọgụ mgbochi SQL malitere ịmalite, ebe ndị na-emeri ihe dịka Ndị Kasị Elu Na-ewu ewu na IKEA.
- January 2008: Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị na-awakpo weebụ na-eji ọrụ FTP ezuru ohi ma na-ejikwa nhazi usoro na-adịghị ike ịgbanye IFRAM na iri puku kwuru iri puku ebe nrụọrụ weebụ na mama & pop, nke a na-akpọ ọdụ ogologo nke weebụ.
- Na June 2008, Asprox botnet mere ka mbuso agha mgbochi SQL kwụ ọtọ, na-ekwu na Walmart dịka otu n'ime ndị ahụ metụtara ya. Nnukwu egwu egwu na-apụta n'ihu n'otu oge ahụ ka ndị agha malitere ịwapụ kọmputa ndị nwere nsogbu ma na-enyefe faịlụ nhazi omenala nye ndị kachasị mmasị.
- 2009: Na mmalite afọ 2009, Gumblar, nke mbụ bọta botnet, pụtara. Gumblar ọ bụghị naanị tụpụrụ azụ na PC ndị na-ebute ma jiri ya ohi ohi ozi FTP, ọ na-eji nzere ndị ahụ iji zoo a azụ na weebụsaịtị. Ndị agha ndị ọzọ nabatara mmepe a ngwa ngwa.
- Nsonaazụ: ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke oge a adịghịzi azụ azụ na njuata nke obi ndị agha. Kama nke ahụ, ọ bụla n'ime ọtụtụ puku ebe ndị nwere nsogbu nwere ike itinye aka na malware.
- 2010: Usoro kọmputa na-arụ ọrụ na nke eriri afọ Stuxnet 2010. Ngwá ọrụ ọjọọ a na-elekwasị anya maka ndị na-achịkwa usoro ihe omume iji nwee ike ịchịkwa ígwè na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ọ bụ ihe na-emebi na ọ na-eche na ọ bụ ihe kpatara mbibi nke ọtụtụ narị nke Iran uranium enriching centrifuges.
- 2011: Akara Microsoft nke kpọmkwem ịnyịnya nke a na - akpọ malware nke ZeroAccess na kọmputa site na botnets. Ọ na-emekarị zoro ezo site na OS site na iji rootkits, ma ngwá ọrụ bitcoin na-agbasa ya.
Malware Mpịakọta na Ihe Ndị Nweta Antivirus
Olu nke malware bụ naanị ngwaahịa site na nkesa na ebumnuche. Enwere ike ịhụ nke a site na nyochaa ọnụọgụ nke ọnụọgụ ngosi ndị dabara na oge ọ mere.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'oge ngwụcha afọ 80 nke ihe omume ọjọọ kachasị mfe, ndị ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị mfe na mgbasa ozi na-agbasa site na diski disk. Site na nkesa na-enweghị ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ihe ngwanrọ malware ndị AV-TEST dere na 1990 bụ naanị 9,044.
Ka mgbasaozi kọmputa na mgbasawanye na-aga n'ihu na ọkara nke ọkara 90, nkesa malware ghọrọ ihe dị mfe, ya mere, ụda abawanye. Nanị afọ anọ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, na 1994, AV-TEST kọrọ na ọnụọgụgụ 300%, na-etinye ihe nrụpụta malware pụrụ iche na 28,613 (dabere na MD5 ).
Dika teknụzụ mara, ụfọdụ ụdị malware nwere ike inweta ala. Mgbanwe Macro na Microsoft Office arụ ọrụ abụghị nanị nweta nkesa ka ukwuu site na email, ha nwetarakwa mmelite nkesa site na ịmalite imelite email. Na 1999, AV-TEST dere ihe ndekọ 99428 pụrụ iche, nke bụ 344% kwụsịrị site na afọ ise gara aga.
Dika mgbasa ozi nke netwọk gbasaa, ikpuru abawanye uru. A na-ebuwanyewanye nkesa site n'iji iji weebụ eme ihe n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ịnwepụta teknụzụ Web 2.0 a na-akpọ Web 2.0 , bụ nke mere ka ebe obibi malware dị mma. N'afọ 2005, AV-TEST dere ihe nchịkwa malware dị egwu 333,425. Nke ahụ bụ 338% karịa 1999.
Inwetakwu mmata na ihe eji kpoo weebụ na-ebute ihe mgbawa nke web-malware na-ebute na njedebe nke iri afọ nke iri. N'afọ 2006, a chọpụtara MPack n'afọ, AV-TEST dere ihe ndekọ nke malware dị iche iche 972,606, nke dị 291% karịa karịa afọ asaa gara aga.
Dika SQL na ogwu na ihe ndi ozo di iche iche na-eme ka ndi mmadu nwekwuo ike n'enye aka n 'afo 2007, olu egwu malware mere ka ya nwee oke ozo, ya na 5,490,960 ihe omuma puru iche nke AV-TEST dere na afo ahu. Nke ahụ bụ mmụba 564% na-arị elu na nanị otu afọ.
Kemgbe afo 2007, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị malware pụrụ iche anọgidewo na-eto eto, ugboro abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa n'afọ ọ bụla kemgbe. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị na-ere ahịa atụmatụ nke malware ọhụrụ dị iche iche site na 30k ruo 50k kwa ụbọchị. Tinye ụzọ ọzọ, ọkwa ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ọhụụ ọhụrụ malware dị ukwuu karịa ngụkọta olu niile nke malware niile site n'afọ 2006 na afọ gara aga.
Ntugharị / Nchekwa ego
N'oge "sneakernet" n'oge afọ 80 na mmalite 90s, ego ndị na-ere ahịa antivirus na-ejikọta ego karịa $ 1B USD. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2000, ego antivirus arịbaala gburugburu $ 1.5B.
- 2001 - $ 1.8
- 2002 - $ 2.06B
- 2003 - $ 2.7B
- 2004 - $ 3.5B
- 2005 - $ 7.4B
- 2006 - $ 8.6B
- 2007- $ 11.3B
- 2008 - $ 13.5B
- 2009 $ 14.8B
- 2010 - $ 16.5B
Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ nwere ike na-ezo aka na-arịwanye elu antivirus na ndị na-ere ahịa ego dị ka "ihe àmà" na ndị na-ere ahịa antivirus uru (na si otú mepụta) malware, na mgbakọ na mwepụ n'onwe ya adịghị agbazi a na-agba izu nzuzo.
Na 2007, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mkpụrụedemede antivirus na-arị elu site na 131%, ma mkpụrụ nke malware mụbara 564% n'afọ ahụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, mmelite nke antivirus na-abawanye site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọhụrụ na ịgbasa teknụzụ, dịka ngwa nchedo na nchebe nchebe nke igwe ojii.